Full Description

Ultralow-temperature refrigeration is defined here as refrigeration in the temperature range of -58 to -148F (-50 to -100C).What is considered low temperature for an application depends on the temperature range for that specific application. Low temperatures for air conditioning are around 32F (0C); for industrial refrigeration, -31 to -58F (-35to -50C); and for cryogenics, approaching 0R (0 K). Applications such as freeze-drying, as well as the pharmaceutical, chemical, and petroleum industries, use refrigeration in the low-temperature range as designated in this chapter. The refrigeration cycles presented in this chapter may be used in both standard packaged and custom-designed systems. Cascade systems are emphasized, both autocascade (typical of packaged units) and two-refrigerant cascade (found in custom-engineered low-temperature systems).

Autocascade Systems
Custom-Designed and Field-Erected Systems
Single-Refrigerant Systems
Cascade Systems
Low-Temperature Materials
Insulation
Heat Transfer
Secondary Coolants

ISBN: 978-1-936504-71-8 (for I-P versions of chapters)
ISSN: 1930-7217 (for I-P versions of chapters)

Citation: 2014 ASHRAE Handbook -- Refrigeration: Chapter 48, Ultralow-Temperature Refrigeration (I-P)

Product Details

Published: 2014 ISBN(s): 9781936504718 Number of Pages: 11File Size: 1 file , 460 KB Product Code(s): D-R482014IP