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Handbook / Manual / Guide by ASHRAE, 2014
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This chapter focuses on systems that use halocarbons (halogenated hydrocarbons) as refrigerants. The most commonly used halogen refrigerants are chlorine (Cl) and fluorine (F).Halocarbon refrigerants are classified into four groups: chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which contain carbon, chlorine, and fluorine; hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), which consist of carbon, hydro-gen, chlorine, and fluorine; hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which contain carbon, hydrogen, and fluorine; and hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs),which are HFC refrigerants derived from an alkene (olefin; i.e., an unsaturated compound having at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond). Examples of these refrigerants can be found in Chapter 29 of the 2013 ASHRAE Handbook--Fundamentals.
Application
System Safety
Basic Piping Principles
Refrigerant Line Sizing
Piping at Multiple Compressors
Piping at Various System Components
Discharge (Hot-Gas) Lines
Defrost Gas Supply Lines
Heat Exchangers and Vessels
Refrigeration Accessories
Head Pressure Control for Refrigerant Condensers
Keeping Liquid from Crankcase During Off Cycles
Hot-Gas Bypass Arrangements
Minimizing Refrigerant Charge in Commercial Systems
Refrigerant Retrofitting
Temperature Glide
ISBN: 978-1-936504-71-8 (for I-P versions of chapters)
ISSN: 1930-7217 (for I-P versions of chapters)
Citation: 2014 ASHRAE Handbook -- Refrigeration: Chapter 1, Halocarbon Refrigeration Systems (I-P)