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Conference Proceeding by ASHRAE, 1987
J.E. Nydahl, Ph.D.; K.M. Pell, P.E., Ph.D.; R.C. Lee, Ph.D.
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Gravity-operated heat pipes are remarkably simple devices that can passively transport thermal energy over relatively long distances. These attributes permit some thermal control of structures with renewable, low-grade, thermal-energy sources. This paper provides a brief historical synopsis of the development of ground-coupled heat pipe systems, and construction and performance details of field tests on two water-coupled and two ground-coupled heat-pipe systems for bridge deck heating. The results from the 77 F (25°C) geothermal-water and the 46 F (8°C) well-water systems indicate that heat pipes can effectively heat a deck with low temperature water without exposing it to the dangers of freezing water. Field tests of the ground-coupled systems used 80 ft (24.4 m) long heat pipes, and 60 field-constructed heat pipes with 100 ft (31 m) long evaporators. This latter system, which heated an entire bridge, increased the weekly averaged surface temperature by as much as 18 F (10°C).
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Citation: Symposium, ASHRAE Transactions, 1987, vol. 93, pt. 2, Nashville, TN